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Last updated on April 29, 2025

Our mission is to support researchers and healthcare professionals in advancing science and improving health outcomes for society. The illegal reproduction and distribution of Elsevier content harm our...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Journal pre-proofs are Articles in Press that have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of this publication. They have undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Corrected proofs are Articles in Press that contain the author's corrections. Final citation details (e.g., volume and/or issue number, publication year, and page numbers) still need to be added and the...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Articles in Press are documents that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been assigned to a publication volume/issue. In press stages include journal pre-proofs, uncorrected proofs, corrected...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Uncorrected proofs are Articles in Press that have been copy-edited and formatted, but have not been finalized yet. They still need to be proof-read and corrected by the author(s) and the text could still...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Journal articles and books should be cited according to the American Medical Association's Manual of Style, 10th Edition. Submission guidelines for references may vary from publication to publication so...

Last updated on August 08, 2018

ClinicalKey offers a wealth of books and journals published by Elsevier. However, not all clinical titles appear on the site. The following are the most common reasons why a title is not offered. Sometimes...

Last updated on October 22, 2021

Use of Inclusive Language: Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should not make assumptions...

Last updated on September 05, 2025

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been defined as the ‘conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients’ (Sackett DL, Rosenberg...

Last updated on August 02, 2021

As of May 15, 2019, PDF downloads are not available as part of individual trials. This functionality is only included in paid subscriptions. If you would like access to Book PDFs (if applicable) or to...